Utilizing an expansive force.



H. A. HUMPHREY.

UTILIZING AN EXPANSIVE FORCE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. 1908. 1,243,296..

REHEWED FEB. 17. 19|?- Patented Oct. 16, 1917.

4 HEETS-SHEL l H. A. HUIVIPHREY.

UTILIZING AN EXPANSIVE FORCE.

APPLICATION E|LED1uNE13,19oB. RENEwED EEB.v 17.1911.

. w. M im. Mm i mm E y m @by vm D1 n/ v E@ ,m f o .o r d., a .l gw# .fw /OJ e .v j .y o. o. f ,E f f l 4# WZ 4: M 6 e 9 S @W EN e ,im Af. l M

H. A. HUIVIPHREY.

UTILIZING AN EXPANSWE FORCE.

APPLICATION F|1.ED1uNE13.1908. RENEwED FEB. 17.1917.

Patented Oct. 16

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H. A. HUMPHREY.

uTlLlzlN AN EXPANSIVE FORCE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. |908. RENEWED FEB. 17. l9l7. 1,243,296@

Patented. Oct. 16,1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

HERBERT ALFRED HUMPHREY, E wEsrMINs'rEn, LoNDoN, ENGLAND, AssIeNon 'ro HUEIPHREY GfAs PUMP COMPANY, A coNPonA'rroN 'or NEW YORK.

UTILIZING AN EXPANSIVE FORCE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 16,1917.

Application led June 13, 1908, Serial No. l138,425. Renewed February 17, 1917. Serial Ill'o. 149,379. y

To all whom t may concern Be it known thatI, HERBERT ALFREn HUMPHREY, asubject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 38l Victoria street, Westminster, in the county ofLondon, England,

consulting engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements-m Utilizing an Expansive Force, of whi-ch the followtion of a body of liquid, the movement in one. direction' of said reciprocation being due to said expansive force. My improved 'method comprises the utilization of the momentum of the liquid body in -both directions of its reciprocation, whereby liquid can be delivered to a greater head, energyA stored, fresh liquid entrained, burnt products expelled, and a fresh expansible charge entrained and compressed.

The invention is especially applicable to pumps and compressors... A

The accompanying drawings illustrate,

merely by way of example, apparatusrwherebythe invention herein described may be effected. 1

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a portion of my device showing the combustion and expansion chamber and valvesconnected therewith, a branch adapted to connect with a source of supply and another branch adapted to connect with a'play pipe leading to a reservoir or other means for storing energy, not shown.

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a modified form of valve control.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section showing a modied form of water-valve.

Figs. 4 to 11 are diagrammatic views in Avertical section, showing various modificav` enlarged scale,` of the valve controlling mechanism shown in Fig. 1, 'and Fig. 2a isa similar view, of the valve controlling mechanism shown in Fig. 2.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Fig. 1, it may be assumed that a compressed combustible charge is v contained in the upper part of chamber 1 and supports the column of liquid which extends from' the play or discharge pipe 3 into said chamber 1. The saidv charge is ignited' by any suitable means such as a sparking plug 74. Upon ignition the combustible charge expands against the liquid low that of atmosphere. r1`his results in the inflow, through al suitable inlet valve, as forexample thexspring'controlled valve 9, of a fresh supply of liquid which lills up behind the original` column `in the play" .pipe 3.'

y As soon as the pressure in combustion chamber 1 falls to or below atmosphere, the pressure in the supply pipe 2 is sufficient to throw valve 4 over into the position indicated by 4a, opening communication between the supply and the combustion chamber 1, and closing communicationbetween combustion chamber 1 and discharge pipe 3.

An exhaust valve 6 isrconnected with the combustion'chamber and so controlled as to open as soon as the pressure in chamber 1 falls to or below atmosphere.

With the valve 4 in the position 4:, the

liquid from the supply will flow into chamber 1, and, asuming that the normal level of the supply-is as indicated by a a, the liquid flowing from the supply into chamber 1, will acquire a momentum which will carry the level in chamberl l considerably above that indicated by a a, that is, nearly or quite to valve 6, which up tothis moment has been maintained open by means hereinafter to be described. This upward movement of the liquid in chamber 1 expels the products of combustion through valve 6. Valve 6 now closes, the liquid having risen in chamber 1 above its normal level a a, due

ber, under the head or pressure to which.

it has been moved in the direction of its first impulse or outstroke, the valve 9 closing automatically. The return movement of the column of liquid in the play` pipe 3, throws the valve 4 back to its original position, indicated in solid lines. In its return movement the column also acquires a momentum. This 'momentunn combined with the head or pressure, is utilized to compress the fresh combustible charge in chamber 1. This fresh charge at the moment of its maximum compression is ignited by an electric spark, and a new cycle begun.

It will thus be seen that with the expan sion of each ignited charge, liquid is forced to a greater head or pressure, or energy is otherwise stored as will hereinafter be described.

It will be understood that when the liquid is forced along the discharge or play pipe 3, during its first outstroke, and valve 4 is v thrown into the position indicated by the dotted lines 4a, a diminution of pressure will be created behind the column flowing away from the valve 4, which will cause a suction of liquid through pipe 2O past valve 9, which is normally held on its seat by a light spring.

We thus have, broadly speaking, by the method above described, the ignition and expansion of a compressed combustible charge againstla liquid column of suitable dimensions and path of travel. The eXpansion of this combustible charge against the liquid column drives the same out of chamber 1 and along play pipe 3 causing the first outstroke. During the movement of the outstroke l'the column acquires momentum,

.scending therein entrains a fresh combustible charge.l When the momentum of the outmovng column is exhausted, the column Lacasse returns, again acquiringvmomentum on the instroke, to compress the fresh combustible charge in chamber 1.

The lz'gulol valve.

1n lFig. 1, l show thewater valve4 pivoted at 5 and having two seats with which 1t is adapted to coperate. In one position 'it closes communication between chamber 1 trolled in any suitable way, one to control the communication with the supply pipe and the other to control the communication with the discharge pipe. The operation and control of this form of valve will be substantially the same as that of the form of valve 4, shown in Fig. 1.

Valve control.

1n Fig. 1, l have shown valve 4 provided with an arm 37 having its outer end connected with a'piston rod secured to piston 38 movable in the cylinder 39. Cylinder 39 is adapted to be filled with oil and serve as a dash-pot to check the movement of said piston 38. By suitable grooves and bypasses and valves in the dash-pot cylinder 39 it will be obvious that the valve 4 may be controlled in any desired manner; to pause before coming against either seat, or to pause midway between the two seats for the purpose hereinafter to be described, and also the length of time required for its movement from one seat to another may be equally controlled to secure the required periodicity of cycle.

Fuel supply valve anal burnt product allscharge cal/vc, control anal actuation.

The actuation and control of the valves 6 and 7 as shown in Fig. 1 are as follows: Valve 6 is the exhaust yalve for burnt produc/ts, and is normally held closed by the spring 35. Valve 8 is a spring controlled non-return valve for preventing the suction of burnt products backward through pipe 13. Valve 7 is the fuel supply valve, and is normally held closed by the spring 15, which is so light however as to permit the opening of valve 7 by suction caused by lowering the level of the liquid in chamber 1, after valve 6 is closed. Pipe 14 controlled by valve 7, is adapted to be connected with any suitable source of fuel supply, not shown. This fuel for example, may be a combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and air.

Rigidly connected with the valve 4 is the arm 2l, to the free end of which is secured the rod 22. The other end of this rod 22 extends through a sleeve 25, see Fig. 1, pivoted to an arm 26 of a short rocking shaft 27, mounted on a suitable stationary support. Rod 22 is also provided with the tappets 23 and'24. When the valve 4 swings over into the position 4a, the rod 22 is depressed and tappet 23 engages and depresses lever 26, causing a similar actuation of lever 28 which is also keyed to shaft 27. Lever 28 normally rests on pawl 34, which is pivoted to the stem of exhaust valve 6 and normally in line therewith. The v depression therefore of lever 28 causes the depression of the stem of Valve 6 and the opening of said'valve. By the depression of rod 22 tappet 24 also engages and depresses the outer end of arm 29 connected with the rocking shaft 29a. To rocking shaft 2 9a is secured the pawl 17, and

by the depression of arm 29 the spring controlled pawl 17 is disengaged from the collar 16 on the stem of fuel supply valve 7. Valve 7 is still held closed by the tension of spring 15, but is adapted to be opened upon the occurrence of suction in chamber 1, suflicient to overcome said spring tension. With the valve 4 in the position 4a, valve 6 is held open, and the liquid rising in chamber 1, expels the products of combustion past valves 6 and 8, through pipe 13. The return stroke of the liquid in chamber l due to its having traveled above its normal level or head, causes a suction suflicient to cause the opening of valve 7 and to entrain fresh combustible charge through pipe 14. Upon the downward movement of valve 7, due'to this suction, the pin 18, which is secured to the stem of said valve 7,` engages in the fork arm 30 of bell-crank 31 which is pivotally mounted at 32. Bell-crank 31 is connected, by a link 33, with pawl 34. The depression of arm 30 -of bell-crank 31 causes the movement of pawl 34 against the tension of spring 36, out of engagement with lever 28, so that spring 35 may close valve 6. When the force of suction no longer exceeds that of spring 15, valve 7 is closed again, and in rising the pin 18 returns crank 31 to its original position pressing pawl 34 against the end of lever 28, ready to be pulled beneath this end, by the spring 36, as soon as valve 4 has lifted rod 22 by returning to its original position. Pawls 17 and 34 will then be returned to their original positions by their respective springs.

Valve control and actuation. modz'yed.

When the level o'f the liquid supply is above the top of the combustion chamber as indicated by Fig. 5, or when the head or pressure of said liquid supply is such' that the liquid, flowing into the combustion chamber to expel the products yof combustion, would tend to overflow the level of the exhaust valve, the oscillations of the liquid for securing the intake of fresh charges may be secured in a slightly different manner from that described above.

In Fig. 5, for example, the supply tank 58 is shown at a higher level than the top of 76 chamber 1,v a a indicating the level of the liquid in said tank. Assuming that a compressed charge existsabove the level b b in the combustion chamber, and the charge ignited, the charge expands against the column of liquid in chamber 1 and play pipe 3,

and causes the outiow of liquid from theV in the combustion chamber and eXpelsl the products of combustion, but as the level of the liquid in the supply tank is such that the liquid in the supply chamber tends to rise above the level in the valve 6, this valve will be forced upon its seat by the impact of the rising liquid upon said valve.

The further motion of the liquid. is arrested by the cushioning of the exhaust products entra'pped in the top of the combustion chamber above the level of the valve 6. This cushioning puts the entrapped products under pressure to an extent depending principally upon the momentum of the flow of the liquid into chamber 1 at the time of they seating of valve 6. When the liquid comes to rest against the elastic cushion, the elastic cushion expands driving down the liquid in the combustion chamber, the momentum acquired in its downward movement causing the level of the liquid to pass below the valve 6. That is to say, the momentum of the liquid column, in its downward movement, causes it to move below the level necessary to permit the imprisoned products to expand to atmosphere, and this causes the .entraining of a fresh combustible charge past inlet valve 7 The level -of the liquid having reached its lowest point some compression of the fresh charge may occur, due to the further tendency of combustion chamber to oscillate. r1`he nal compression however of the combustible charge is produced by the inward flow of play pipe asl member 43 tapering in both directions from 40 f mains open until shut Iby the impact of the v engaged with member 43 as normally to maintain the valve 6 on its seat, even after pawl40 disengages from shoulder 41. The weight of valve 6 may be so adjusted with respect to the pressure exerted by roller 42,

due to spring 44, that the 'valve will remain seated until the pressure in chamber 1 falls below atmosphere. This yoccurs at the end of the expansion stroke, at which time as will be presently seen, pawl 4.0 is clear of roller 41. The valve 6 will now open, the roller 42 yielding suiiiciently to permit the member 43 to descend. At the same time pin 47, on the. stem of valve 6, will "engage crank 48 to actuate, through link 49, crank 50, bringing'the arm 51 ofl crank 50 into engagement with pin 52 on the stem of valve 7. This position of arm 51 in engagement with `pin 52 is maintained stable by the overthecenter laction of spring 53.

This movement of crank 48 also puts tension on spring 55 andl relieves the tension on spring 56, both of which are-connected with the link 57v which is connected with the pawls 17 and 40. The effect of this is that pawl and pawl 17 are both urged toward the left, but are prevented from moving in that direction by collar 41, until the exhaust "valve is again raised to permit pawl 40 to engage under said collar 41 thus locking the exhaust valve upon its seat and releasing the inlet valve 7.

After the exhaust valve has opened it reliquid upon it as already described. Thus, aftervthe cushioning stroke has occurred the inlet valve 7 is free to open and admit a fresh combustiblecharge, after which this valve closes again by the action of spring 15.

l Upon the opening of inlet valve 7, pin 52 engages the end of arm 51 andreturns the arm to the first position where it is then -held by spring 53.. Tension is thereby put on spring 56 so vthat when valve 7 .is again seated, pawl 17 engages under collar 16 and pawl 40 is moved clear of collar 41 of exhaust valve 6. i

Where the exhaust valve and the inlet valve open in response to diminution of pressure in the combustion chamber, and where these valves are required to move locking and releasing mechanisms, requiring the expenditure of a small amount of power, the valves themselves are preferably provided with prolonged valve openings and to act as pistons in such prolongations of their valve openirigs as shown in Fig. 2a.

The apparatus for ecting my method or methods may be varied in a number of ways, as .for example, by altering the arrangement of the connections between the combustion chamber and the liquid supply and the delivery pipes respectively, or by the arrange-l ment of auxiliary suction pipe or pipes.

Measuring the combustible charge.

Tt is sometimes preferable to insure that the combustible charge taken in shall be a definite one, so as to give more perfect control in keeping the energy of successive cycles approximately constant. In such case the apparatus may be provided with a the liquid owing in pipe 2, toward the combustion chamber, into the dotted position 65a.' In this position liquid can flow past the piston 65 into the combustion chamber to expel the burnt products. As soon however as this liquid begins to return to- 'ward the supply tank and draw in a fresh combustible charge, the piston 65 enters into the cylindrical portion of the supply pipe, in which it forms a freely moving piston. By the limited motion of this piston 65 in passing from its uppermost position 65a, to

its'lowermost position, it measures into the combustion chamber an approximately definite quantity of combustible charge. T have also provided in the discharge pipe a throttle valve, as indicated at 67, actuated by the arm 68, attached by link 69 to an arm 69a, pivoted to a projection on the wall of the combustion chamber.

When expansion occurs the throttle valve is open and the piston valve is on its seat closing the connection with the supply pipe.u

When expansion has roceeded to the point at which the pressure elow the piston valve exceeds that above it the valve rises and engages the arm 69 causing the closure of the throttle valve 67. The throttle valve remains closed and so prevents any liquid returning along lthe discharge pipe into the combustion chamber until the piston valve, returning to its seat, causes a tappet 70 on the piston rod to engage armv 69a and so open the throttle valve 67 The liquid column in the discharge pi e is now free to return and compress the esh combustible charge.

Modz'ycutou u method of introducing combustible charge.

Tt is not essential that the whole of the fresh charge, or the constituent parts, thereof, should be drawn'in at the top of the combustion chamber. When desirable, the inlet valve 7 may be either'superseded or vso ' supplemented by another valve situated in I charge will be admitted by valve 7, and another part byv valve 71. When Valve 4 swings into the position 4a, as already described, the liquid in pipe 3 is moving with considerable velocity and* causes a diminution of pressure to the rear of the column which results in drawing in a constituent part of the combustible charge through valve 71. The degree of suction produced in that part of the pipe adjacent valve 71 y depends, among other things, upon the degree of freedom with which liquid can be drawn through the auxiliary suction pipe 20 past valve 9. Consequently the degree of suction at valve 71 may be adjusted by more or less closing the cock 59 in pipe 20. In order to have a definite amount of combustible mixture, or of a constituent part thereof lntroduced through valve 71, at each cycle, there may be an attachment shown in Fig. 4, which consists mainly of two valves 72 and 73 controlling respectively a pipe 75, which is adapted to admit a constituent part of the combustible mixture,

and a pipe 76 dipping-into a supply of liquid at the level, as for example that indicated by e e. v

The operation with respect to this part i of the apparatus is as follows:

When valve 4 comes into position 4a, valve 71 opens and a constituent part of the charge is drawn into pipe 3. Valve` 71 however is connected with valve 72 by the link 77, so that when valve 71 opens valve 72 is closed. The suction draws liquidup pipe 76 from level e exto level f f, thus displac- -ing the indrawn charge by liquid until the liquid shuts valve 73. As the volume of liquid between the two levels is a definite amount, this arrangement allows a given volume of the constituent part of the charge vto be drawn` into the discharge pipe. When valve 71 closes and valve 72 is permitted to 'open, Ethe liquid in 76 will seek its normal level e e and thus entrain a definite fresh supply of combustible .or ingredients thereof. It will be observed that by altering the level of the liquid into which the pipe 76 dips, the amount of combustible` charge drawn in through pipe 75, past valve 72, when the valve 71 is shut, can be varied. The cycle of operations for the whole need not be repeated, but it should be stated that after the outwardly moving column of liquid in the discharge pipe has come to rest the constituent part of the charge which has been drawn into the sloping portion of the discharge pipe is swept by the inwardly moving column of liquid into the combustion chamber, and therein compressed. The other constituentV part or the other portion of the combustible mixture may be drawn in in the usual manner through valve 7. A substantially similar control of the intake through valve 7, as has been described with respect to valve 71 may be employed if desired.

Another method of introducing fresh combustible charge may be employed by means of apparatus such as is illustrated in Fig. 6. Between the liquid in the supply tank 58 and the supply pipe 2 is placed a bell or other chamber 168. The bell is provided with a number of apertures 169, and a surrounding movable band 170 is correspondingly apertured. The bell 168 is provided at its upper part with one or more yinlets as for example, 171 and 172, for the introduction of the constituent parts of the combustible charge. When the valve 4 is in the position closing communication lbetween the combustion chamber and the supply, the liquid in the tank tends to level itself and rise to the same level in the bell. Toward the end of the expansion stroke, when valve 4 has taken 'the dotted position, liquid from the bell enters the combustion chamber to expel burnt products. is shut and the inlet valve is notl permitted to open, or is permitted to open only under a sufficiently stiff spring, the liquid iiowing in the discharge pi e will draw after it liquid from the supp y pipe, in the manner already described in connection with Fig. 6. The band 170 is adjusted with respect to the amount of registration between itsA apertures and the corresponding vapertures in the bell, so that the amount of openings in the bell is such that the total liquid' flowing therethrou h into the bell, will be less than the deman pfor liquid in the discharge pipe. From this it results that air or combustible or both will be drawn, through the pip'es 171 and 172 which are connected with sources of supply, in the supply pipe and combustion chamber. When thel liquid in the discharge pipe has come to rest, after its' for starting a fresh cycle.

By mea/ns of a dash-pot.

The control of valve 4 may be secured by a dash-pot, so that liquid may flow over the top of valve 4 from the supply into the play pipe 3 during a desired portion of the'outstroke. In addition to this, by similarly delaying the closure of the supply pipe 2 during a portion of the instroke or return of If the exhaust valve liquid column from the play pipe, some of this liquid will flow over the top of valve 4 into the supply pipe, thus allowing the velocity of the returning column to increase beyond that which it would otherwise attain with supply pipe closed by valve 4. The additional kinetic energy stored in the moving column will result in a greater compression pressure of the combustible charge. This method of increasing the compression applies in general .and is not confined to this particular case.

In this, as in other cases, expansion may be continued beyond atmospheric pressure without loss of energy,.because, if the exhaust and inlet valves are kept closed long enough, work will be done by the external atmosphere in forcing liquid into the combustion chamber until atmospheric pressure is again attained.

Air vessels.

If the working pressures may be regarded for the moment, as the same for each cycle, then the periodicity of the ycycle depends upon the length and mass of the columns of liquid which are acted upon by the said pressures, or in other words, by the dimensions of the pipes in which these columns move.

It would be inconvenientito alter the dimensions of the pipes for the 4purpose of varyin the periodicity of the cycle. The desire elect may be obtained by the use of air vessels communicating with said pipes. It will be suliicient to explain the eect of introducing air vessels into the discharge pipe, as shown in Fig. 11. 'Ihese air vessels may be cpntrolled by cocks, and when these cocks are shut then the full length of the discharge pipe is eH'ective as regards resulting periodicity.

' fo'rexample, cock 83 on air vessel 84 is opened', liquid forced from 'the `combustion chamber, during the working stroke, lcauses liquid from the discharge pipe to enter the "air vessel, but on the return stroke, when Y the liquid flows back toward the combustion chamber tov compress the combustible charge, liquid leaves the air vessel again.

. The result is to make the eective length of the discharge pipe shorter. If the air vessel 84C might be considered indefinitely large, the effective length of the discharge pipe may be considered as that between the combustion chamber and the air vessel, and the flow of liquid in the discharge pipe beyond the air vessel would beomore nearly continuous. The eii'ect of the air vessel depends upon its capacity and as it would involve a loss of energy to throttle the liquid inlet by means of the cock 83 it is better to add an additional air vessel 85, the communication with which can be controlled by the cock 86. It will be noted that when air vessels are used in the manner described,

they serve as accumulatore,l as means wherev also connected with the discharge pipe 3d,

with the obj ect offproducing a continuous flow. rIhis air vessel may be tted with a non-return valve 90, in which case a second air .vessel or accumulator 88 may be used to store energy for causing the return iiow of the mass of liquid to compress the combustible charge. rIhe liquid inlet is shown at 20 connected with the play pipe or conduit 3 atpump chamber -l, at a point remote from the discharge valve 90. Inlet 20 `is controlled by the non return valve 9.

Vessel 88 is preferablyprovided with a valve 89 attached to a float so that when the liquid is risen to a given height the ioat closes the valve. This secures a uniform compression of the elastic cushion in chamber 88.

In operation, when the column of liquid flows outwardly from the pump chamber 0r combustion chamber 1 along lconduit or play pipe 3, liquid enters first into air vessel 88 until the level Aof the liquid therein attains a height at which the float closes the valve. This should be so adjusted that the available energy then stored in the elastic cushion reaches that required for starting the return or compression stroke. When valve 89 closes, the column of liquid in the discharge has a considerable velocity, and as its motion cannot be instantly arrested by chamber 87 and the discharge pipe connect-v ed therewith until the energy of motion is expended. rlhis arrangement of air vessels is preferable in the case where the liquid is used, for example, to drive aPelton-wheel, because it is desirable to use a higher pressure in that case than is required for other impulse or reaction turbines, and the arrangement permits o much higher head or pressure being attained, as the pressure in air vessel 87 may exceed any of the working pressures in the combustion chamber.

In the case where even higher liquid pressures are required, in order to obtain complete expansion of the products in the combustion chamber, there may be another valve 91 at the end of the discharge pipe, which is normally kept open by a spring, but which is adapted to be closed against such spring tension when the liquid flowing past the pipe irst runs to waste through valve 91,

while the velocity of flow in the 'discharge pipe is increasing, until the valve 91 is closed.

Fig. 9'shows a similar arrangement to that last described, but without any valve or oat in the air vessel 88. Consequently the elastic cushion pressure in the air vessel 88 must become equal to the pressure in the air vessel 87 before-the valve 90 opens, and in this case, owing to the higher pressure, vthe quantity of elastic fluid in air vessel 88, re quired to store the energy for` compressing the combustible charge will be less than if a larger volume of elastic fluid is used and the pressure kept lower, as in the arrangement of Fig. 7

As already stated, the delivery and suction pipes may be duplicated and so arranged that the forces developed tend to balance each other.`

A duplicationpof the discharge pipe may y also serve to make the apparatus operate more quickly. Thus, the discharge pipe 3 may branch into two pipes 3a and 3b. `If each of these pipes is'of the same'length and diameter as the one discharge pipe which they replace, the time ofthe cycle will be shortened. If the branch .3a is longer than the branch 3b, and non-return valves 92 and 93 are introduced as shown, so that the branch 3it becomes the passage for the 'outwardly flowing liquid and 3b the passage for the return How, then a more continuous flow can be obtained in the branch 3a, and such an arrangement is shownin Fig. 15.-

Starting.

For starting the apparatus, fthe combustible charge may be pumped by hand into the combustion chamber 1, through any suitable inlet for example, valve 7, against the static head or pressure of the liquid in the combustion chamber and discharge pipe. By ignition of the chargethus introduced the cycle is started.

Pro/vision for mis-fire. l

`continuance of working in spite of a misiire, the liquid inlet valve may normally be held off its seat 1n such .manner that during the return or compression stroke liquid is allowed to flow to waste through said valve" until the valve is closed under the action of the velocity' of said ow. The column thus gains a higher velocity than if it only returned to compressthe charge, and if the charge is not ignited it will, after compression to a higher pressure than usual, expand again much as if there had been a This result may be obtained by so regullating the dash-pot on valve 4, that when it is returning from the position 4a, to the position shown in full lines, it is arrested in the position which allows the discharge and supply pipe to remain in communication long enough for some ofthe liquid which ows inwardly toward the combustion chamber to pass over the top of valve 4 into the supply pipe. In this way an increased velocity is secured in the return or compression stroke, whereby the fresh charge is compressed under such conditions that it expands again to a pressure Vlow enough to bring about the movement of valve 4, and of the exhaust valve, asin the ordinary working cycle, so that the unburnt charge 1s swept out and a new charge introduced.

v It will be understood that air vessels may be used wherever necessary in connection with my method, for preventing shocks or increasing or modifying the efficiency` of the several steps of the operation as described, and it will also be understood that the words head and pressure are considered to be substantial equivalents.

1. The method which consists in reciproeating a body of liquid of suflicient bulk and path of travel to acquire useful momentum, one movement of said reciprocation caused feeble explosion. Valve 4 will change to the by the energy of a medium Ahaving high initial pressure and expansive forceV and restraining the expanslve force after the llq'uid has been set 1n motion.

2. The method which consists in reciproing high initial pressure and expansive force, restraining theexpansive 4force after the liquid has been set in motion, and utilizing the momentum of the liquid after the influence of the expansive force has been restrained to cause a diminution of pressure to entraln fresh liquid.

3. The method which conslsts in reci rocating a body of liquid of vsuflicient ulk .and path of travelto acquire useful momentum, one movement of said reciprocation caused by the energy of a medium having high 1n1t1al pressure and expansive force `and utilizing an elastic cushion as an accumulator for absorbing and imparting energy in connection with said reciprocations of the liquid.

4./The method which consists in reciprocating a body of liquid of suflicient bulk and path of travel to acquireuseful momentum, one movement of said reciprocation caused by the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force and utilizing elastic cushions as both high pressure and low pressure accumu-- lators for absorbing and imparting energy in connection with said reciprocations of the liquid. n

5. The method which consists in reciproeating a body of liquid of suiiicient bulk and path of travel to acquire useful momentum, one movement vof said reciprocation caused by the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force and utilizing the movements of the liquid f or introducing measured charges of the expansible medium to act upon the liquid at required intervals.

6. The method which consists in reciprocating a body of liquid of suiiicient bulk and path of travel to acquire useful momentum, one movement bf said reciprocation caused by the energy of a medium having high initial pressureand expansive force, utilizing the movements of the liquid for introducing measured charges of the expansible medium to act upon the liquid at required intervals, and adjusting the amount of the said measured charges to meet required conditions.'

7. The method which consists in reciproeating a body of liquid of sufficient bulk and path of travel to acquire useful momentum, one movement of said reciprocation caused by the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, restraining the expansive force after the liquid has been set in motion, and utilizing the momentum of the liquid to compress the expansible medium.

8. The hereinbefore described method of pumping liquids byy means of the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force; which consists in causing said medium to impart pressure and movement to a body of liquid, a portion of which is interposed between a pump chamber and a relatively Low pressure accumulator and a portion of which is interposed between an inlet Afor liquid and a .region of relatively high pressure discharge, the respective portions of said liquid being of such dimensions as substantially-to retard the expansion of said medium; transmitting pressure and energy by means of said body of liquid to said regions of high and low pressure; discharging a portion kof the liquid interposed between said inlet and said region of high pressure discharge; cuttin off communication with said region of iigh pressure discharge and permitting the actuating pressure to act upon the portion of liquid interposed between the pump chamber and said accumulator during the expansion of the prime medium; whereby a portion `of the relatively high pressure energy of said medium is utilized to pump against relatively high pressure and the balance of available energy of said medium is utilized to perform work against relatively low pressure.

9. The hereinbefore described method of pumping liquids by means of the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, which consists in causing said medium to impart pressure and movement to a body of liquid, a portion of which is interposed between a pump chamber and a relatively low pressure accumulator, and a portion of which is interposed between an inlet for liquid and a region of relatively high pressure discharge; the respective portions of .said liquid being of such dimensions as substantially to retard the expansion of said medium; transmitting pressure and energy by means of said body of liquid to said regions of high and low pressure; discharging a portion of the liquid interposed between said inlet and said rkregion of high pressure discharge; cutting off communication with said region of high pressure discharge; permitting the actuating pressure to act upon the portion of liquid interposed.

between the pump chamber and said accumulator during the expansion of the prime medium; causmg the continued movement of the liquid to create a region of 1ow pres y sure at said inlet; admitting a new increment of liquid through said inlet into said region of low pressure; cutting oli' communication between said inlet and the source of supply of liquid to be pumped and in causing the accumulator to react upon that portion of liquid interposed between said pump chamber and said accumulator to effect the return stroke thereof in preparation for the next out stroke thereof. l

10. The hereinbefore described method of pumping liquids by means of the energy of a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, which consists in causing said medium to impart pressure and movement to a body of liquid, a portion of which is interposed between a pump chamber and a relatively low pressure accumulator and a portion of which is interposed between an inlet for liquid and a region of relatively high pressure discharge; the respective portions of said liquid being of such dimensions as substantially to retard interposed between said inlet and n *LacasseQ the expansion of said medium; transmitting pressure and energy by means of said body of liquid to said regions of high and low pressure; discharging a portion of the liquid said region of high pressure discharge; cutting off communication with said region of high pressure discharge; permitting the actuating pressure to act upon the portion of liquid interposed between the pump chamber and said accumulator during the expansion of the prime medium; causing the continued movement of the liquid to create a region of low pressure at said inlet; admitting a new increment of liquid through said inlet into said region of low pressure; cutting 0E communication between said inlet and the source of supply of liquid to be pumped and in causing the accumulator to react upon that portion of liquid interposed between said pump chamber and said accumulator to effect the return stroke thereof and to compress the prime medium in preparation for the next out stroke thereof.

In testimony whereof I have signed my 25 name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

HERBERT ALFREDv HUMPHREY.

Witnesses: JOSEPH KILLARD,

W. J. SKERTEN. 

